UK: House of Commons passes bill to send migrants to Rwanda

British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak got his government's plans to send people seeking asylum in the United Kingdom to Rwanda for consideration to stay there instead through the lower house of Parliament on Wednesday, 17 January.

Sunak had faced a potential rebellion from both the moderate and right flanks of his Conservative Party in a parliamentary vote on a policy he and the party have emphasized in recent months amid pressure from the right.

Lawmakers voted 320 to 276 to back a bill intended to overcome a UK Supreme Court block on the Rwanda plan. But the contentious immigration policy on which Sunak has staked his authority still faces political and legal hurdles.

What the opposition Labour Party said in PMQs

Opposition leader Keir Starmer approached the issue from a different angle in Prime Minister's Questions in the House of Commons, with his first in a series of questions to Sunak noting the government's recent admission that it had lost track of around 85% of the 5,000 people originally earmarked for removal to Rwanda.

He asked if the government had been able to locate them, before going on to argue the policy was proving an expensive and ineffective one.

"It's not a plan, it's a farce. Only this government could waste hundreds of millions of pounds on a removals policy that doesn't remove anyone," Starmer said in the lower chamber of parliament, before listing other past problems for the plan.

"He hasn't got a clue where they are, has he?" Starmer quipped to the chamber after not receiving an answer to his original question on the missing people. "I can tell you one place they aren't, and that's Rwanda. Because the only people he's sent to Rwanda are government ministers."

The government defeated a parliamentary motion from more hardline Conservatives to make the bill more stringent on Tuesday, but almost a fifth of the party's lawamkers — more than expected — backed the proposal.

Two members of the party, Lee Anderson and Brendan Clarke Smith, resigned in protest, writing in their co-signed resignation letter: "Prime Minister, you pledged to do whatever it takes to stop the boats."

The government needed votes from the opposition to secure an outright majority for dropping the changes.

What's the Rwanda policy?

Britain's bid to relocate anyone entering the country illegally to Rwanda, where they could seek asylum instead with no prospect of residency in the UK, originally dates back to 2021, when Sunak was still former Prime Minister Boris Johnson's finance minster.

Implementing the plan has proved challenging for successive Conservative governments, amid political and legal challenges alike.

The idea came soon after the completion of Brexit — once advertised to the public as a means to reduce migration — as both legal and illegal migration levels rose sharply despite the UK leaving the EU.

It also came amid pressure from the far-right, particularly former UKIP leader Nigel Farage, on the issue of migrants crossing the English Channel, often from France, in small boats.

The plan up for a vote on Wednesday aims to limit the scope people would have to challenge the process in the courts.

But the government said it was walking a fine line here because Rwanda had said it would only go ahead with a deal that was deemed not to breach international humanitarian law.

Hardliners want clearer language ruling out the chance of challenging at European courts, in particular, another pledge from the Brexit debate it's proving difficult to honor.

Why the issue matters to Sunak

In power since 2010, with Sunak the fifth prime minister during that period (and the third of this legislative period), the Conservatives trail the opposition Labour Party by a wide margin in the polls.

Elections must take place by January of next year and are likely a little sooner than that.

The party's recent platform of five key pledges included three connected to stabilizing the economy and mitigating problems like inflation, one to reducing hospital waiting lists in the nationalized health service, and lastly a promise to "stop the boats."

The policy may well be aimed both at dissatisfied voters and at more right wing members of the Conservative Party. A strong viable political force to the right of the Tories currently does not exist in the UK, but Brexit frontman Nigel Farage — currently mostly making a living in the media — has created a suitable platform for immediate mobilization in the Reform UK group. Some polls recently estimated that should it run in general elections, it could win as much as 10% of the vote.

Europe also watching closely amid similar proposals?

Wednesday's vote is liable to pique the interest of several politicians across Europe.

The EU is currently working on migration reforms of its own, with several member states recently mooting plans that sound at least reminiscent of those Britain's government is struggling to realize.

Germany's opposition CDU/CSU proposes that Berlin also partner up with the government in Kigali.