Hormone widely used as an autism treatment shows no benefit

Oxytocin, a naturally occurring hormone that acts as a chemical messenger in the brain, showed no evidence of helping children with autism gain social skills, according to a large national study.

The results are disappointing. But the findings, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, provide clarity for a drug that has shown mixed outcomes in smaller, less robust studies, the researchers said.

"There was a great deal of hope this drug would be effective," said lead author Linmarie Sikich, associate consulting professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences at Duke University School of Medicine.

"All of us on the study team were hugely disappointed, but oxytocin does not appear to change social function of people with autism."

Oxytocin is typically used to induce labour, but because of its activity in the brain, it has been investigated as a treatment for autism. Evidence has been conflicting, with several smaller studies suggesting it improved social and cognitive function among some children with autism, while other studies showed no benefit.

The team designed the multi-site trial to provide the best evidence yet about whether oxytocin was a safe and effective treatment for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The research team enrolled 290 children aged 3-17, stratified by age and the severity of their autism symptoms. The children were randomised in similar, equal-sized groups to receive oxytocin or a placebo via a daily nasal spray over 24 weeks.

The study aimed to see if the regimen of oxytocin would have a measurable impact on the children's social abilities based on screenings and assessments at the start of the trial, midway through and at the end.

While the oxytocin was well tolerated and had few side effects, it showed no significant benefit among the group of children who received it compared to those who received the placebo, the study showed.

Sikich said no further study is likely of oxytocin, given the negative findings: "Our consensus as investigators is that there is no evidence in this large study that is strong enough to justify more investigation of oxytocin as a treatment for autism spectrum disorders."